refactor(backend): refactor project, add database migrations support

backend/alembic/README

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+Generic single-database configuration.

backend/alembic/env.py

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+import os
+import sys
+from logging.config import fileConfig
+from sqlalchemy import pool, create_engine
+from alembic import context
+
+# Přidání backend do sys.path pro správný import
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..')))
+from app.core.db import Base
+
+config = context.config
+if config.config_file_name is not None:
+    fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
+
+target_metadata = Base.metadata
+
+DATABASE_URL = os.getenv("DATABASE_URL")
+if not DATABASE_URL:
+    # fallback na synchronní url pro Alembic (používá sync driver)
+    mariadb_host = os.getenv("MARIADB_HOST", "localhost")
+    mariadb_port = os.getenv("MARIADB_PORT", "3306")
+    mariadb_db = os.getenv("MARIADB_DB", "group_project")
+    mariadb_user = os.getenv("MARIADB_USER", "root")
+    mariadb_password = os.getenv("MARIADB_PASSWORD", "strongpassword")
+    DATABASE_URL = f"mysql+pymysql://{mariadb_user}:{mariadb_password}@{mariadb_host}:{mariadb_port}/{mariadb_db}"
+
+# Vždy používej synchronní engine pro migrace
+SYNC_DATABASE_URL = DATABASE_URL.replace("+asyncmy", "+pymysql")
+
+
+def run_migrations_offline() -> None:
+    context.configure(
+        url=SYNC_DATABASE_URL,
+        target_metadata=target_metadata,
+        literal_binds=True,
+        dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
+    )
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+def run_migrations_online() -> None:
+    connectable = create_engine(SYNC_DATABASE_URL, poolclass=pool.NullPool)
+    with connectable.connect() as connection:
+        context.configure(
+            connection=connection,
+            target_metadata=target_metadata,
+        )
+        with context.begin_transaction():
+            context.run_migrations()
+
+
+if context.is_offline_mode():
+    run_migrations_offline()
+else:
+    run_migrations_online()

backend/alembic/script.py.mako

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+"""${message}
+
+Revision ID: ${up_revision}
+Revises: ${down_revision | comma,n}
+Create Date: ${create_date}
+
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+${imports if imports else ""}
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = ${repr(up_revision)}
+down_revision: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(down_revision)}
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(branch_labels)}
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(depends_on)}
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    """Upgrade schema."""
+    ${upgrades if upgrades else "pass"}
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    """Downgrade schema."""
+    ${downgrades if downgrades else "pass"}

backend/alembic/versions/81f275275556_init_migration.py

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+"""Init migration
+
+Revision ID: 81f275275556
+Revises: 
+Create Date: 2025-09-24 17:39:25.346690
+
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import fastapi_users_db_sqlalchemy
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = '81f275275556'
+down_revision: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    """Upgrade schema."""
+    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
+    op.create_table('transaction',
+    sa.Column('id', sa.Integer(), autoincrement=True, nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('amount', sa.Float(), nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('description', sa.String(length=255), nullable=True),
+    sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id')
+    )
+    op.create_table('user',
+    sa.Column('first_name', sa.String(length=100), nullable=True),
+    sa.Column('last_name', sa.String(length=100), nullable=True),
+    sa.Column('id', fastapi_users_db_sqlalchemy.generics.GUID(), nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('email', sa.String(length=320), nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('hashed_password', sa.String(length=1024), nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('is_active', sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('is_superuser', sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('is_verified', sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
+    sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id')
+    )
+    op.create_index(op.f('ix_user_email'), 'user', ['email'], unique=True)
+    # ### end Alembic commands ###
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    """Downgrade schema."""
+    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
+    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_user_email'), table_name='user')
+    op.drop_table('user')
+    op.drop_table('transaction')
+    # ### end Alembic commands ###